What a grant is
A grant is money awarded for a defined purpose that generally does not have to be repaid. Unlike a loan, it comes with rules: the money must be used as described, and recipients usually report on results.
The reality most websites hide
Most federal grants go to organizations, states, schools and researchers, not to individuals for personal expenses. If a website promises "free government grant money" for bills, debt or a home, treat it with suspicion. Real opportunities for individuals do exist, but they are specific, such as federal student aid for qualifying students.
Who typically receives grants
| Recipient | Examples |
|---|---|
| Nonprofits and community groups | Health, education, housing and arts programs |
| Schools and researchers | Research funding, training programs |
| State and local governments | Infrastructure, public safety |
| Small businesses (limited) | Specific research and innovation programs |
| Students | Need-based federal grants through financial aid |
Where to search
- Grants.gov: the central site for federal grant opportunities. See how to search it.
- SAM.gov: registration for organizations that apply for federal awards.
- Studentaid.gov: federal student aid, including Pell Grants, through the FAFSA.
- State and local agencies: many grants are offered by states, counties and cities.
Grants versus funding for a small business
People starting a business often search for grants but find loans, microloans and free advising more available. See small business grants and funding options.
Spotting grant scams
- You are told you won a grant you never applied for.
- You are asked to pay a "processing fee" or buy gift cards.
- The caller claims to be from a federal agency but wants payment details.
- The offer is on a non-.gov site that mimics a government agency.
Official federal grant listings are free to view.
Common questions
Are government grants free money for individuals?
Most grants fund organizations. Individuals can get some, such as student grants, but personal-expense grants are rare. Be cautious of promises.
Where do I find federal grants?
Grants.gov lists federal opportunities. Organizations also register at SAM.gov.
Do I have to repay a grant?
Generally not, but grants come with conditions on how the money may be used.
How do I avoid grant scams?
Never pay a fee to receive a grant, and ignore unexpected offers claiming you won money.